Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is a serious threat to all bird species, especially pet parrots. While it hadn’t been detected in wild birds in the U.S. since 2016, it reemerged in February 2022 on Long Island, Suffolk County, within a small flock of backyard poultry that mingled with wild waterfowl. This event marked the beginning of renewed concern among avian veterinarians and bird owners alike.
Why Parrot Owners Should Be Concerned
All birds, including parrots, are susceptible to HPAI. This virus poses a high risk with a 100% mortality rate in birds and a low risk of human transmission. Pet bird owners must remain vigilant during outbreaks, especially during seasonal peaks.
About Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Seasonal Occurrence
Avian influenza commonly occurs in the U.S. between December and June. The virus thrives in cool, humid conditions, especially in bodies of water and on various surfaces, making it easy to spread during these months.
Transmission & Symptoms
HPAI is a potent enveloped virus (similar to SARS-CoV-2), capable of surviving in:
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Saliva
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Nasal secretions
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Feces of infected birds
Even asymptomatic wild birds can spread the virus. It is deadly—killing birds within 24 to 48 hours via internal hemorrhaging. There is no cure and no vaccine currently available.
States Affected by the 2022 Outbreak
Since January 13, 2022, HPAI has been detected in wild and domestic birds across 18 states, including:
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Alabama
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Connecticut
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Delaware
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Florida
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Georgia
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Kentucky
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Maine
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Maryland
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New Hampshire
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New Jersey
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North Carolina
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South Carolina
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Virginia
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Indiana
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Michigan
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New York
As spring migration continues, the virus may spread further along the Atlantic Flyway, and into the Mississippi and Central Flyways.
Disinfectants & Cleansers for HPAI
Numerous disinfectants listed on EPA List M are effective against avian influenza. These include everyday items like bleach, soap, hydrogen peroxide, Lysol, and isopropyl alcohol.
⚠️ Caution: Most of these disinfectants are not safe to use around birds. Always check labels for proper dilution rates and contact times, and consult the manufacturer if unsure.
General Disinfectants (Not Bird Safe)
| Product | Mix | Contact Time | Rinse Required | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household Bleach | ¾ cup bleach to 1 gal water (1:10) | 10 minutes | Yes | Not safe for birds. Use new solution every 24 hrs. |
| Can be used in foot dips or non-bird contact areas. |
Bird-Safe Disinfectants
| Product | Mix | Contact Time | Rinse Required | Bird Safe | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enviroclens | 1:10 (50ml to 1 pint of water) | 6 minutes | No | Yes (light fragrance) | Keep birds away until dry. Solution lasts 6 months. Buy from My Parrotopia or All Bird Products |
| F10 SC / F10 SCXD | 1:500 (2ml per liter water) | 10 minutes | No | Yes | No rinse required. Solution lasts 6 months. Available at Kwik Pets |
How to Protect Your Pet Birds from HPAI
While Long Island had previously been spared from outbreaks, migration patterns make exposure likely. Pet owners should take cues from pandemic preparedness strategies:
Practical Tips:
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Keep pet birds indoors during outbreaks.
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Avoid cross-contamination via clothes, shoes, or hands.
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Disinfect bird cages, toys, food containers, and any outdoor equipment.
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Ask visitors to sanitize and avoid contact if they’ve been in wild bird habitats.
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Change clothes and shoes before entering the bird area.
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Establish a biosecurity plan in your home.
Stay Informed & Be Vigilant
HPAI outbreaks are temporary but can recur seasonally. Proactive behavior is the best defense.
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Learn to recognize symptoms.
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Follow updates from avian health authorities.
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Use EPA-approved disinfectants responsibly.
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Avoid panic—but prepare!
🔗 Additional Resources
Explore the Defend the Flock Program for practical biosecurity tips and downloadable guides.
Conclusion
Though the 2022 HPAI outbreak marked a serious concern, it’s a call to stay prepared, not panicked. Keeping your birds safe means taking simple, proactive steps—disinfection, limited exposure, and education. With the right approach, you can keep your flock healthy through any season.
